![]() Extra calories and increased weight during pregnancy induce inflammatory pathway among GDM women, which in turn would result in the development of insulin resistance and excessive fetal growth macrosomia. ![]() In Iran, the prevalence has been as high as 18.6%. ![]() The prevalence of GDM was reported to rates as high as 15–20% worldwide. Multiple risk factors, including gestational age, obesity, ethnic background, family history of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and a prior history of GDM have been implicated as the contributors to GDM. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as a state of glucose intolerance that is diagnosed for the first time during pregnancy.
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